Thoughts are an emergent property of brain activity. [working memory]

From the YouTube page:

Earl Miller runs the Miller Lab at MIT, where he studies how our brains carry out our executive functions, like working memory, attention, and decision-making. In particular he is interested in the role of the prefrontal cortex and how it coordinates with other brain areas to carry out these functions. During this episode, we talk broadly about how neuroscience has changed during Earl's career, and how his own thoughts have changed. One thing we focus on is the increasing appreciation of brain oscillations for our cognition. Recently on BI we've discussed oscillations quite a bit. In episode 153, Carolyn Dicey-Jennings discussed her philosophical ideas relating attention to the notion of the self, and she leans a lot on Earl's research to make that argument. In episode 160, Ole Jensen discussed his work in humans showing that low frequency oscillations exert a top-down control on incoming sensory stimuli, and this is directly in agreement with Earl's work over many years in nonhuman primates. So we continue that discussion relating low-frequency oscillations to executive control. We also discuss a new concept Earl has developed called spatial computing, which is an account of how brain oscillations can dictate where in various brain areas neural activity be on or off, and hence contribute or not to ongoing mental function. We also discuss working memory in particular, and a host of related topics.

0:00 - Intro
6:22 - Evolution of Earl's thinking
14:58 - Role of the prefrontal cortex
25:21 - Spatial computing
32:51 - Homunculus problem
35:34 - Self
37:40 - Dimensionality and thought
46:13 - Reductionism
47:38 - Working memory and capacity
1:01:45 - Capacity as a principle
1:05:44 - Silent synapses
1:10:16 - Subspaces in dynamics

I was a bit surprised to hear so much discussion of a shift in emphasis from single-neuron recording to recording activity in many neurons. Back in 1969 Karl Pribram published an article in Scientific American arguing that neural representation was based on holographic principles, which necessarily draws our attention to the activity of populations of neurons. Yes, I read about the infamous "grandmother" cell, and I read lots of work reporting the results of single neuron recordings, but I hadn't realized how long that persisted as the dominant paradigm.